Anxiety and stress disorders are prevalent among children, affecting approximately one in three individuals under 18 years old. These disorders often follow a chronic course, leading to recurrent episodes over time. Unfortunately, they are frequently undertreated due to various factors such as somatic complaints diverting attention away from mental health issues, a lack of specialized mental health care, and personal or parental preferences for informal help.
The Role of Emergency Departments
Emergency departments (EDs) have become a crucial safety net for children experiencing anxiety- and stress-based crises. In Canada and the United States, these crises are among the most frequent reasons for ED visits. A study conducted in Alberta, Canada, examined the trends in ED visits and postvisit care for anxiety and stress disorders among children. The findings provide valuable insights into how practitioners can improve their skills and address existing challenges.
Key Findings from the Research
- Increased ED Visits: Between 2002 and 2011, ED visit rates for anxiety and stress disorders increased significantly across various sociodemographic groups. The largest increase was observed among children from families receiving government subsidies.
- Sociodemographic Disparities: First Nations children and those from subsidized families had higher ED visit rates but lower physician follow-up rates compared to other groups.
- Age-Related Trends: Adolescents (ages 15-17) had the highest rates of ED visits and physician follow-ups within 30 days of an initial visit.
Implications for Practitioners
The findings highlight several areas where practitioners can focus their efforts to improve care for children with anxiety and stress disorders:
- Early Identification and Treatment: Implement strategies in primary care settings and schools to promote early identification of anxiety disorders. This can help reduce the reliance on EDs for crisis management.
- Culturally Sensitive Approaches: Develop culturally based resources that address the unique needs of First Nations children and other vulnerable groups. This includes community- and school-based programs that proactively manage stressors.
- Enhancing Follow-Up Care: Encourage timely follow-up visits with physicians after an ED visit to ensure continuity of care. This may involve coordinating with mental health specialists to provide comprehensive support.
The Need for Further Research
The study underscores the importance of ongoing research to better understand the barriers to effective treatment for childhood anxiety disorders. Future studies should explore how adolescents are positioned within healthcare systems to receive assessments and treatments. Additionally, examining the impact of physician-based care on reducing future ED visits is crucial.
Practitioners are encouraged to delve deeper into these findings to enhance their understanding and effectiveness in treating childhood anxiety disorders. By addressing sociodemographic disparities and improving treatment strategies, practitioners can make a significant difference in the lives of affected children.
To read the original research paper, please follow this link: Emergency Department Use and Postvisit Care for Anxiety and Stress Disorders Among Children.
