Understanding Special Education Funding in Washington State
In Washington State, funding for special education services is derived from two primary sources: basic education and special education allocations. Every student receiving special education services is fundamentally a basic education student, and the funding reflects this dual support system.
State and Federal Special Education Formulas
The state special education formula is designed to ensure that students with disabilities receive adequate resources. It comprises two parts:
- Funding for students ages 3–5 who are not yet enrolled in kindergarten.
- Funding for students ages 5–21 who are enrolled in K–12.
These allocations are in addition to the basic education allocation (BEA) and are meant to address the unique needs of students requiring special education services.
Funding Calculations for Students Ages 3–5
For students aged 3–5 who are not enrolled in kindergarten, the funding is calculated using the following formula:
Annual average headcount of eligible students x District's BEA x 1.2
For example, if a district has 10 eligible students and a BEA of $5,022.90, the district would receive $60,274.80.
Funding Calculations for Students Ages 5–21
For students aged 5–21 who are enrolled in K–12, the funding is calculated using a tiered multiplier system:
- Tier 1: Multiplier of 1.12 for students who spend 80% or more of their school day in general education settings.
- Tier 2: Multiplier of 1.06 for students who spend less than 80% of their school day in general education settings.
Districts exceeding the 16% special education enrollment threshold receive additional apportionment payments. For instance, a district with 100 Tier 1 students and 60 Tier 2 students, over the 16% threshold by 1%, and a BEA of $5,022.90, would calculate their total allocation as follows:
Tier 1: 100 x ($5,022.90 x 1.12 - 17.75) = $560,789.80
Tier 2: 60 x ($5,022.90 x 1.06 - 17.75) = $318,391.44
Excess funding: (($560,789.80 + $318,391.44) / 16.0%) x 1% = $54,948.82
Total allocation: $824,232.42
Accessing State Special Education Funding Reports
To view detailed funding reports, navigate to the Apportionment, Enrollment, and Fiscal Reports on the OSPI website. Select your district from the drop-down menu to access the latest apportionment report, including the 1191SE Special Education Report.
For questions about state special education funding, contact the Apportionment Office at 360-725-6300.
For more information, please follow this link.
