Obesity is a growing concern worldwide, and Saudi Arabia is no exception. With a reported obesity prevalence greater than the global average, understanding the factors contributing to this epidemic is crucial for health practitioners. The systematic review by Salem et al. titled "Prevalence, risk factors, and interventions for obesity in Saudi Arabia" provides valuable insights into the prevalence, associated risk factors, and potential interventions that can be implemented to combat obesity in the region.
The Prevalence of Obesity
The review highlights that among the eight largest studies conducted in Saudi Arabia with sample sizes over 10,000 people, the maximum-reported obesity prevalence was 35.6%. This alarming figure underscores the need for effective strategies to address this health issue.
Risk Factors Contributing to Obesity
The study identifies several key risk factors contributing to obesity in Saudi Arabia:
- Dietary Habits: A shift towards a Western diet characterized by high consumption of sugary beverages and processed foods is a significant contributor.
- Physical Inactivity: High levels of inactivity are prevalent, which exacerbates weight gain.
- Lack of Psychological Interventions: The review notes a lack of research on psychological interventions for weight management.
Interventions for Obesity
The review explores various interventions that have been studied in Saudi Arabia:
- Lifestyle Interventions: These include dietary changes and increased physical activity. However, there is a need for more nationally coordinated studies to evaluate their effectiveness.
- Bariatric Surgery: Although underrepresented in research, bariatric surgery is a viable option for severe cases of obesity.
- Lack of Trial Data on GLP-1 Analogs: Despite their widespread use globally, there is no trial data for GLP-1 analogs in Saudi Arabia.
The Way Forward
The findings from this systematic review can guide policymakers and practitioners in prioritizing future research efforts. By focusing on comprehensive lifestyle interventions and addressing gaps in psychological support and pharmacological trials, practitioners can enhance their skills and contribute to reducing obesity prevalence in Saudi Arabia.
Prevalence, risk factors, and interventions for obesity in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review
