In the ever-evolving field of implementation science, the role of policy is often overlooked. Yet, policies are crucial determinants that can significantly influence the success of dissemination and implementation (D&I) efforts. The recent research article "Where is 'policy' in dissemination and implementation science? Recommendations to advance theories, models, and frameworks: EPIS as a case example" sheds light on this critical gap and offers practical recommendations for researchers and practitioners.
The Importance of Policy in D&I Efforts
Implementation science aims to bridge the gap between research and practice by accelerating the public health impact of evidence-based interventions. However, the role of health policy—along with its political structures and stakeholders—is often understated. Policies can serve as strategies, determinants, or even as the central "thing" to be implemented within D&I efforts. Understanding these roles is essential for resolving knowledge gaps about how evidence-based policies are implemented and sustained.
Six Recommendations to Optimize Existing Frameworks
The research article provides six actionable recommendations to help practitioners optimize existing theories, models, and frameworks (TMF) like the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) framework:
- Specify Dimensions of a Policy’s Function: Understand the policy's goals, types, contexts, and resources exchanged.
- Specify Dimensions of a Policy’s Form: Define its origin, structure, dynamism, and intended outcomes.
- Identify Nonlinear Phases of Policy D&I: Recognize that both policymaking and implementation processes are not linear.
- Describe Temporal Roles of Stakeholders: Map out how stakeholder roles evolve over time across different phases.
- Consider Contextual Adaptations: Adapt outer and inner context constructs to better explain determinants and mechanisms.
- Identify Bridging Factors: Explore structures and relationships that facilitate alignment between outer and inner contexts.
The Way Forward
The integration of these recommendations into existing frameworks like EPIS can significantly enhance our understanding of policy's multifaceted roles in D&I efforts. This approach not only accelerates the public health impact of evidence-based policies but also aids in de-implementing ineffective or harmful policies.
If you're a practitioner looking to improve your skills or conduct further research in this area, these recommendations provide a robust starting point. By optimizing existing TMF to include policy considerations, you can better navigate the complexities of implementation science.
