Understanding Language Development in Turner Syndrome
Turner Syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder affecting approximately 1 in 2000 live female births, characterized by the partial or complete absence of an X chromosome. While it is known that girls with TS often require speech and language services during their school years, there is limited understanding of their language development during infancy and toddlerhood. A recent study titled Turner syndrome: language profile of young girls at 12 and 24 months of age sheds light on this critical developmental period.
Key Findings from the Study
The study explored the language profiles of 12- and 24-month-old girls with TS, assessing both receptive and expressive language skills. Despite all mean scores being within the average range, the study revealed a higher prevalence of 24-month-old girls with TS "at risk" for receptive language difficulties. Expressive language skills were found to significantly exceed receptive language skills at both time points.
At 12 months, girls with TS were "at risk" for social and symbolic difficulties, although these concerns diminished by 24 months. Caregivers reported greater use of speech sounds and gestures than normative expectations at 24 months. These findings suggest relatively intact speech and language abilities during the first two years of life, with emergent concerns for receptive language development.
Implications for Practitioners
These findings have important implications for speech-language pathologists and educators working with young children with TS. Here are some key takeaways:
- Early Identification and Monitoring: Ongoing developmental surveillance is crucial to identify and address potential language delays early on.
- Focus on Receptive Language: Given the relative weakness in receptive language skills, targeted interventions should be designed to enhance comprehension abilities.
- Encourage Expressive Skills: Leverage the strengths in expressive language by encouraging verbal interactions and the use of gestures.
- Incorporate Social and Symbolic Skills: Address social and symbolic communication skills, as these are foundational for later pragmatic language abilities.
Encouraging Further Research
While this study provides valuable insights, further research is needed to understand the long-term language development trajectory of girls with TS. Practitioners are encouraged to contribute to this growing body of knowledge by conducting longitudinal studies and sharing findings within the professional community.
To read the original research paper, please follow this link: Turner syndrome: language profile of young girls at 12 and 24 months of age.
