The burden of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease and diabetes is rising globally, particularly in developing regions such as sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia. A recent study published in the BMJ highlights the cost-effectiveness of various strategies to combat these diseases and tobacco use. For practitioners aiming to improve their skills and impact in these regions, understanding and implementing these strategies can be transformative.
The Study at a Glance
The research article titled "Cost effectiveness of strategies to combat cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and tobacco use in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia: mathematical modelling study" offers a comprehensive analysis of 123 single or combined prevention and treatment strategies. The study focuses on two World Health Organization sub-regions with high mortality rates due to these conditions.
Main Findings
- Tobacco Control: Implementing demand reduction strategies from the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control was found to be highly cost-effective, with costs per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted being less than $Int950 in AfrE and $Int200 in SearD.
- Cardiovascular Disease: Combination drug therapy for individuals with a >25% chance of experiencing a cardiovascular event over the next decade showed significant cost-effectiveness, with costs per DALY averted being less than $Int150 in AfrE and $Int230 in SearD.
- Diabetes Management: Retinopathy screening and glycaemic control for patients with diabetes were also highlighted as cost-effective interventions.
Implementing Research Outcomes in Practice
For practitioners working in these regions, integrating the study's findings into practice can lead to better health outcomes at a lower cost. Here are some actionable steps:
- Advocate for Policy Change: Encourage local governments to adopt tobacco control measures that align with the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control.
- Focus on High-Risk Patients: Prioritize combination drug therapies for patients identified as high-risk for cardiovascular events.
- Pilot Screening Programs: Implement pilot programs for retinopathy screening and glycaemic control to demonstrate effectiveness and secure funding for broader implementation.
