Immunization is a cornerstone of public health, providing critical protection against infectious diseases. In Ghana, the introduction of a second dose of the measles-containing vaccine (MCV2) aimed to bolster immunity among children. However, achieving high coverage for this dose has proven challenging. A research study titled "Immunization delivery in the second year of life in Ghana: the need for a multi-faceted approach" sheds light on these challenges and offers insights into improving immunization delivery.
The Current Landscape
Ghana has been a leader in vaccine introduction within the African region, with high vaccination coverage for infant antigens. Despite this success, MCV2 coverage has remained below 70% four years after its introduction. The study highlights several barriers to achieving higher coverage rates, including knowledge gaps among caregivers and healthcare workers (HCWs), high dropout rates between MCV1 and MCV2, and a lack of defaulter tracing systems.
Key Findings
- MCV1 to MCV2 dropout rates were significant across regions: Northern Region (32%), Volta Region (14%), and Greater Accra Region (31%).
- Caregiver awareness of the need for MCV2 was low, with less than half knowing the recommended ages for receiving the vaccine.
- Most healthcare facilities lacked systematic defaulter tracing systems to identify children due for MCV2.
- More than half of caregivers expressed willingness to receive text message reminders about their child's immunizations, yet less than 10% of health facilities utilized this practice.
Strategies for Improvement
The study suggests several strategies to enhance immunization delivery:
1. Strengthening Defaulter Tracing Systems
Implementing systematic defaulter tracing systems in healthcare facilities can help identify children who miss their scheduled vaccinations. This involves equipping HCWs with appropriate tools and training to effectively track and follow up with caregivers.
2. Enhancing Healthcare Worker Training
Regular training sessions for HCWs on immunization practices are crucial. These sessions should focus on updating HCWs on new vaccines, proper recording practices, and effective communication strategies with caregivers.
3. Leveraging Mobile Technology
The use of mobile technology offers an opportunity to improve communication between HCWs and caregivers. Text message reminders can serve as an effective tool to remind caregivers of upcoming vaccination appointments and reinforce the importance of timely immunizations.
4. Community Engagement and Education
Raising awareness among caregivers about the importance of completing the full vaccination schedule is essential. Community outreach programs can help educate caregivers about the benefits of vaccines and dispel myths surrounding immunizations.
Encouraging Further Research
The findings from this study highlight the need for continued research into effective strategies for improving immunization delivery. Practitioners are encouraged to explore innovative approaches tailored to their local contexts and share successful practices with peers globally.
To read the original research paper, please follow this link: Immunization delivery in the second year of life in Ghana: the need for a multi-faceted approach.
