The integration of conversational agents, commonly known as chatbots, into eHealth applications has been a topic of interest for both researchers and healthcare practitioners. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis titled "Patient Engagement with Conversational Agents in Health Applications 2016–2022" offers valuable insights into the effectiveness of these technologies in enhancing patient engagement. This blog explores the outcomes of this research and provides guidance for practitioners looking to improve their skills and understanding of chatbot applications in healthcare.
The Promise of Conversational Agents
Conversational agents have shown potential in increasing user engagement by creating a bond between the application and its users. This bond can lead to improved adherence to treatment protocols and better health outcomes. However, the research indicates that while chatbots can enhance user engagement, their impact on patient adherence remains unclear.
Research Findings
- The systematic review examined randomized control trials (RCTs) involving chatbots in health applications.
- The meta-analysis focused on patient retention rates in clinical trials involving chatbot interventions.
- No significant effect on patient retention was observed in trials with chatbot arms compared to non-chatbot arms.
- The small number of studies highlights the need for ongoing research into eHealth chatbot effectiveness.
Practical Implications for Practitioners
The findings suggest that while chatbots hold promise for enhancing patient engagement, practitioners should approach their implementation with caution. Here are some practical steps for practitioners:
- Evaluate Effectiveness: Before recommending or implementing a chatbot application, assess its documented effectiveness and regulatory compliance.
- User Engagement Metrics: Focus on understanding user engagement indicators such as working alliance, acceptance, and adherence when evaluating chatbot applications.
- Holistic Development: Encourage developers to adopt holistic design processes that consider user feedback and participatory development approaches.
- Ongoing Research: Stay informed about the latest research findings and advancements in chatbot technology through conferences, publications, and webinars.
The Need for Further Research
The current evidence base is limited, emphasizing the need for further research to substantiate the claims of chatbot effectiveness in healthcare settings. Practitioners are encouraged to participate in or support studies that explore the impact of conversational agents on patient outcomes.
