The importation of dogs into the United States presents significant challenges and risks that practitioners must be aware of to ensure animal welfare and public health safety. Recent research by Pieracci et al. (2022) highlights critical risk factors associated with illness and death in imported dogs from 2010 to 2018. This blog post aims to provide insights into these findings and encourage practitioners to adopt strategies that mitigate these risks effectively.
The Alarming Statistics
The study analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Quarantine Activity Reporting System (QARS), revealing that approximately 1 million dogs are imported into the United States annually. Of these, about 700,000 arrive by air, posing unique challenges due to the conditions experienced during travel.
The research identified that brachycephalic breeds—those with shortened snouts like Pugs and French Bulldogs—are at a higher risk of illness or death during transport. These breeds were found to be nearly four times more likely to experience adverse health outcomes compared to non-brachycephalic breeds.
Transportation Methods Matter
The method of transportation significantly impacts the health outcomes of imported dogs. The study found that dogs transported via cargo or as checked baggage had a much higher risk of illness or death compared to those hand-carried by passengers. Specifically, transporting dogs as checked baggage increased their risk by over five times.
Country of Origin: A Risk Indicator
The country of origin also plays a crucial role in determining the risk levels associated with dog importation. Dogs from countries with high rabies risk were more than twice as likely to suffer from illness or death compared to those from low-risk countries. This finding underscores the need for stringent health checks and vaccinations before travel.
Financial Implications
The financial burden of managing ill or dead imported dogs is substantial. The study estimates annual costs ranging from $34,902 to $218,056 for all stakeholders involved, including importers, air carriers, and public health agencies. These costs highlight the importance of proactive measures to prevent adverse outcomes.
Strategies for Practitioners
- Enhance Pre-Travel Health Checks: Encourage thorough veterinary inspections and ensure all necessary vaccinations are up-to-date before travel.
- Avoid High-Risk Transportation Methods: Advise against using cargo holds or checked baggage for transporting dogs, especially brachycephalic breeds.
- Promote Awareness: Educate clients about the risks associated with importing dogs from high-risk countries and advocate for responsible pet ownership.
- Liaise with Airlines: Work with airlines to improve conditions for live animal transport, such as better temperature control and ventilation in cargo areas.
- Pursue Further Research: Encourage ongoing research into improving animal welfare during international travel and developing best practices for dog importation.
A Collaborative Approach
A joint effort involving federal agencies, airlines, veterinarians, and pet owners is essential to address the challenges posed by dog importation. By implementing comprehensive strategies and fostering collaboration among stakeholders, we can reduce the risks associated with importing dogs and enhance animal welfare standards.
